1993 Polish parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 19 September 1993.[1] In the Sejm elections, 52.13% of citizens cast their votes, and 95.7% of them were counted as valid. In the Senate elections, 52.1% of citizens cast their votes, and 97.07% were valid. The elections were won by the left-wing parties of the Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party, who formed a coalition government. The coalition was just four seats short of a supermajority.
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All 460 seats in the Sejm 231 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 52.08% ( 8.88pp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 100 seats in the Senate 51 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 52.10% ( 8.90pp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Opinion polls
Results
Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by electoral district.
Sejm
Because of the introduction of electoral thresholds set at 5% for party lists and 8% for coalitions, 34% of valid votes were wasted.[2]
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Democratic Left Alliance | 2,815,169 | 20.41 | 171 | +111 | |
| Polish People's Party | 2,124,367 | 15.40 | 132 | +84 | |
| Democratic Union | 1,460,957 | 10.59 | 74 | +12 | |
| Labour Union | 1,005,004 | 7.28 | 41 | +36 | |
| Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland" | 878,445 | 6.37 | 0 | New | |
| Confederation of Independent Poland | 795,487 | 5.77 | 22 | –24 | |
| Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms | 746,653 | 5.41 | 16 | New | |
| Solidarity | 676,334 | 4.90 | 0 | –27 | |
| Centre Agreement – Polish Union | 609,973 | 4.42 | 0 | –44 | |
| Liberal Democratic Congress | 550,578 | 3.99 | 0 | –37 | |
| Real Politics Union | 438,559 | 3.18 | 0 | –3 | |
| Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland | 383,967 | 2.78 | 0 | New | |
| Party X | 377,480 | 2.74 | 0 | –3 | |
| Coalition for the Republic | 371,923 | 2.70 | 0 | New | |
| Peasants' Agreement | 327,085 | 2.37 | 0 | –28 | |
| German Minority Electoral Committee | 96,678 | 0.70 | 4 | –3 | |
| Polish Beer-Lovers' Party | 14,382 | 0.10 | 0 | –16 | |
| Local lists and independents | 123,186 | 0.89 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 13,796,227 | 100.00 | 460 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 13,796,227 | 95.70 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 619,359 | 4.30 | |||
| Total votes | 14,415,586 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 27,677,302 | 52.08 | |||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||
By constituency
| No. | Constituency | Total seats |
Seats won | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLD | PSL | UD | UP | KPN | BBWR | KWMN | |||
| 1 | Warsaw I | 17 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2 | Warsaw II | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 3 | Biała Podlaska | 3 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| 4 | Białystok | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 5 | Bielsko-Biała | 9 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 6 | Bydgoszcz | 11 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||
| 7 | Chełm | 3 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| 8 | Ciechanów | 4 | 2 | 2 | |||||
| 9 | Częstochowa | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 10 | Elbląg | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 11 | Gdańsk | 15 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| 12 | Gorzów Wielkopolski | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| 13 | Jelenia Góra | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 14 | Kalisz | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||||
| 15 | Sosnowiec | 10 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 16 | Katowice | 17 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| 17 | Gliwice | 14 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 18 | Kielce | 11 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 19 | Konin | 5 | 2 | 3 | |||||
| 20 | Koszalin | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 21 | Kraków | 13 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| 22 | Krosno | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 23 | Legnica | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 24 | Leszno | 4 | 2 | 2 | |||||
| 25 | Lublin | 10 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 26 | Łomża | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 27 | Łódź | 12 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| 28 | Nowy Sącz | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 29 | Olsztyn | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 30 | Opole | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
| 31 | Ostrołęka | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 32 | Piła | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 33 | Piotrków Trybunalski | 7 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 34 | Płock | 5 | 1 | 4 | |||||
| 35 | Poznań | 14 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 3 | |||
| 36 | Przemyśl | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 37 | Radom | 8 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 38 | Rzeszów | 7 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 39 | Siedlce | 7 | 2 | 5 | |||||
| 40 | Sieradz | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 41 | Skierniewice | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 42 | Słupsk | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 43 | Suwałki | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| 44 | Szczecin | 10 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 45 | Tarnobrzeg | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | ||||
| 46 | Tarnów | 7 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 47 | Toruń | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 48 | Wałbrzych | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
| 49 | Włocławek | 4 | 3 | 1 | |||||
| 50 | Wrocław | 12 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 51 | Zamość | 5 | 1 | 4 | |||||
| 52 | Zielona Góra | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| National list | 69 | 26 | 20 | 14 | 9 | ||||
| Total | 460 | 171 | 132 | 74 | 41 | 22 | 16 | 4 | |
| Source: National Electoral Commission | |||||||||
Senate
Voters were able to cast as many votes as there were seats available in their constituency.[3]
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Democratic Left Alliance | 4,993,061 | 18.31 | 37 | +33 | |
| Polish People's Party | 3,238,999 | 11.88 | 36 | +29 | |
| Democratic Union | 2,913,773 | 10.69 | 4 | –17 | |
| Solidarity | 2,683,085 | 9.84 | 9 | –2 | |
| Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms | 2,193,970 | 8.05 | 2 | New | |
| Confederation of Independent Poland | 1,646,654 | 6.04 | 0 | –4 | |
| Labour Union | 1,121,744 | 4.11 | 2 | New | |
| Liberal Democratic Congress | 1,088,769 | 3.99 | 1 | –5 | |
| Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland | 650,727 | 2.39 | 0 | New | |
| Polish Union | 607,624 | 2.23 | 1 | New | |
| Christian National Union | 486,387 | 1.78 | 0 | New | |
| Real Politics Union | 434,657 | 1.59 | 0 | 0 | |
| Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland" | 323,135 | 1.19 | 0 | –9 | |
| Silesian Autonomy Movement | 304,877 | 1.12 | 0 | New | |
| Coalition for the Republic | 290,361 | 1.06 | 0 | New | |
| Peasants' Agreement | 285,406 | 1.05 | 1 | –4 | |
| Democratic Party | 218,295 | 0.80 | 0 | 0 | |
| Polish Convention | 156,129 | 0.57 | 0 | New | |
| Association of Friends of the John Paul II Museum | 155,538 | 0.57 | 0 | New | |
| Citizens' Electoral Committee | 129,961 | 0.48 | 0 | New | |
| German Minority Electoral Committee | 124,986 | 0.46 | 1 | 0 | |
| KIK–SRK[lower-alpha 2] | 99,737 | 0.37 | 1 | New | |
| Service to the Child[lower-alpha 3] | 90,790 | 0.33 | 0 | – | |
| Party of Christian Democrats | 81,029 | 0.30 | 0 | – | |
| Polish Beer-Lovers' Party | 77,365 | 0.28 | 0 | – | |
| Kashubian–Pomeranian Association | 75,038 | 0.28 | 0 | – | |
| Patriotic Forum of Fighting Poland[lower-alpha 4] | 63,752 | 0.23 | 0 | – | |
| Club of Catholic Intelligentsia – Lublin[lower-alpha 5] | 60,935 | 0.22 | 0 | – | |
| Orthodox Electoral Committee | 51,815 | 0.19 | 0 | – | |
| Polish Federation of Engineering Associations | 46,131 | 0.17 | 0 | – | |
| Social Movement for the Region and Poland | 37,984 | 0.14 | 0 | – | |
| Polish Aid Council | 37,780 | 0.14 | 0 | – | |
| Fatherland – Polish List | 37,055 | 0.14 | 0 | – | |
| Disabled People Live Among Us | 35,150 | 0.13 | 0 | – | |
| Rural Solidarity[lower-alpha 6] | 33,682 | 0.12 | 1 | – | |
| Party X | 33,223 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | |
| PIAST | 31,187 | 0.11 | 0 | – | |
| Rural Solidarity[lower-alpha 7] | 27,362 | 0.10 | 0 | – | |
| Christian-Peasant Party[lower-alpha 8] | 27,137 | 0.10 | 0 | – | |
| Polish Dignity | 22,348 | 0.08 | 0 | – | |
| Defense of Working People | 22,137 | 0.08 | 0 | – | |
| People not Parties | 20,086 | 0.07 | 0 | – | |
| District Council of Nurses and Midwives | 19,189 | 0.07 | 0 | – | |
| TEMIDA Lawyers' Association | 18,079 | 0.07 | 0 | – | |
| Experience-Expertise-Prudence | 17,083 | 0.06 | 0 | – | |
| Health–Knowledge–Success | 16,835 | 0.06 | 0 | – | |
| About Polish Farming | 16,230 | 0.06 | 0 | – | |
| For the Health of Poles | 15,605 | 0.06 | 0 | – | |
| TKKFKŻAK | 15,407 | 0.06 | 0 | – | |
| National Committee of Voters[lower-alpha 9] | 15,406 | 0.06 | 0 | – | |
| Help for the Victims and the Needy | 15,256 | 0.06 | 0 | – | |
| Alliance of Christian Groups | 13,350 | 0.05 | 0 | – | |
| Woman Poland and Independence | 12,762 | 0.05 | 0 | – | |
| Polish Greens Party | 12,631 | 0.05 | 0 | – | |
| Catholic Society for the Service of Children | 11,880 | 0.04 | 0 | – | |
| Polish Socialist Party | 10,985 | 0.04 | 0 | – | |
| Union of Poles in Poland | 10,705 | 0.04 | 0 | – | |
| National Party[lower-alpha 10] | 10,235 | 0.04 | 0 | – | |
| Conservative Party | 10,231 | 0.04 | 0 | – | |
| Polish Ecological Union | 10,157 | 0.04 | 0 | – | |
| Civic Forum | 9,892 | 0.04 | 0 | – | |
| White and Red | 9,524 | 0.03 | 0 | – | |
| For Political and Economic Order | 9,063 | 0.03 | – | – | |
| Regional Electoral Initiative | 8,306 | 0.03 | 0 | – | |
| FAMILY | 8,273 | 0.03 | 0 | – | |
| Association of Sybiraks | 6,798 | 0.02 | 0 | – | |
| Catholic Justice Action "Equality" | 4,856 | 0.02 | 0 | – | |
| Local lists | 696,354 | 2.55 | 0 | – | |
| Independents[lower-alpha 11] | 1,198,999 | 4.40 | 4 | – | |
| Total | 27,263,952 | 100.00 | 100 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 13,985,535 | 97.07 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 422,832 | 2.93 | |||
| Total votes | 14,408,367 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 27,655,495 | 52.10 | |||
| Source: Prawo | |||||
By voivodeship
| Voivodeship | Total seats | Seats won | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLD | PSL | KO "S" | UD | BBWR | KLD | Others | ||
| Biała Podlaska | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Białystok | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Bielsko | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Bydgoszcz | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Chełm | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Ciechanów | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Częstochowa | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Elbląg | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Gdańsk | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Gorzów | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Jelenia Góra | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Kalisz | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Katowice | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Kielce | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Konin | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Koszalin | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Kraków | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Krosno | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Legnica | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Leszno | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Lublin | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Łomża | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Łódź | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Nowy Sącz | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Olsztyn | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Opole | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Ostrołęka | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Piła | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Piotrków | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Płock | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Poznań | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Przemyśl | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Radom | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Rzeszów | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Siedlce | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Sieradz | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Skierniewice | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Słupsk | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Suwałki | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Szczecin | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Tarnobrzeg | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Tarnów | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Toruń | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Wałbrzych | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Warsaw | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Włocławek | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Wrocław | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Zamość | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Zielona Góra | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Total | 100 | 37 | 36 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 10 |
| Source: National Electoral Commission | ||||||||
Notes
- Barbara Łękawa, the only elected candidate, was seated in the Senate as part of NSZZ "Solidarność"
- Barbara Łękawa, the only elected candidate, was seated in the Senate as part of NSZZ "Solidarność"
- The two candidates, Maria Hrabowska in Gdańsk and Ryszard Pacławski in Krosno were both leaders of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association
- Part of the Coalition for the Republic
- Unaffiliated with the other KIK circles.
- Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of Individual Farmers "Solidarity" Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy Rolników Indywidualnych "Solidarność" (Polish)
- "Rolnicza Solidarność" (Polish), unaffiliated with Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of Individual Farmers "Solidarity"
- Part of the Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"
- National Party: Maciej Giertych, Andrzej Fedorowicz
- National Party: Eugeniusz Grzejdniak
- Henryk Stokłosa, Elżbieta Solska, Jerzy Madej, Aleksander Gawronik
References
- Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1491 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- "Electoral Systems -- The Systems and Their Consequences. Proportional representation related issues : The Threshold". ACE Electoral Knowledge Network.
- Nohlen & Stöver, p1487
- Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 23 IX 1993 r., Monitor Polski. Nr 50, poz. 470, sprostowanie – M.P. z 1994 r., Nr 2, poz. 8
- Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 23 IX 1993 r., M.P. Nr 50, poz. 471; sprostowanie – M.P. z 1994 r., Nr 2, poz. 8
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